SA History

State of Emergency – 1985

The year of 1985 signalled the beginning of the end of apartheid society and governance in South Africa. Following an upsurge of violent and non-violent resistance to the racially-exclusive system of apartheid – which had…


Second World War and its impact, 1939-1948

South Africa enters the War General Smuts signing the agreement at the first meeting of the UN General Assembly. Source: P. Joyce (2000), Suid-Afrika in die 20ste eeu Kaapstad: Struik, p.107. In September 1939, World…


Colonial conquest and resistance, Pre 1900

An image of Jan Van Riebeeck and the local San people, © cybercapetown.com Several factors seemed to pave the way to apartheid, among them ─ colonial conquest, land dispossession, economic impoverishment, and exclusion from citizenship…



The genesis of the armed struggle, 1960-1966

Introduction Sharpeville shortly after the shootings © Museum Africa. The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa’s struggle against apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre, in 1960, signalled the beginning of a far…



Partial State of Emergency, July 1985

On 21 July 1985 the government declared a State of Emergency in 36 magisterial districts in the Eastern Cape and PWV (now Gauteng) areas. This was the first State of Emergency since 1960, and gave…


South Africa in the 19th Century

INTRODUCTION Unlike most of the rest of Africa, South Africa was very sparsely populated at the time when the first Europeans arrived. They came, not to settle, but to resupply their ships on long voyages…


The Siege of South Africa

INSTITUTE FOR HISTORICAL REVIEW   Ivor Benson The main argument which I seek to establish in this paper falls into three parts and can be summarized as follows: The history of South Africa, since shortly…